The Steppe to Europe
An Environmental History of Hungary in the Traditional Age
Lajos Rácz
A HISTORY OF HUNGARY’S PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
This book, a much-augmented translation of the author’s original Hungarian version, is an account of Hungary’s past from the perspective of environmental history, incorporating a wide range of environmentally-relevant research findings. Data on climate, agriculture, mining, hunting, urban development and political administration are synthesised to create a rich account of a people in the environment, and the processes of adaptation, exploitation and co-existence required for survival. Importantly, it offers anglophone readers access to a considerable digest of important scholarship previously only available in Hungarian. Until now, there has been no environmental history in English of Hungary and the wider region from which the present country crystallised.
The book covers the environmental history of Hungary prior to the Industrial Revolution. It begins with the prehistory of the two protagonists in this environmental story, the Carpathian Basin and the Hungarians; and traces the transformation of the Hungarians, under environmental, social and economic forces, from nomadic tribes to a settled society in the Middle Ages. The environmental developments of the later Middle Ages, a period of relative stability, are explored before the story turns to a long era of war with the Ottoman Empire, during which the key to survival lay in finding adaptive forms of settlement and subsistence systems. Finally, the book chronicles the age of reconstruction following the Ottoman wars and the challenges posed as the country’s population more than doubled, a growth unmatched by agricultural or industrial development. The present volumes leaves Hungary at the dawn of the Industrial Age, a country displaying symptoms of over-population and environmental over-exploitation.
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‘Due to the breadth of its concerns, the book serves as an outstanding general history of Hungary. The book uncovers a lost world of environmental and economic diversity that few could have imagined. Rácz’s mastery of the nuances of environment and climate should engender envy in every environmental historian.’
Anthony Amato – Environmental History
‘For the reader unfamiliar with central Europe … this book provides very clear information that has been carefully arranged into chapters in which the author prudently and meticulously analyzes each of the factors that contributed to transforming nature into “environment” … in the Carpathian Basin.’
Doubravka Olšáková – The AAG Review OF BOOKS
‘… the first comprehensive English-language history of the Carpathian Basin from an environmental perspective’
Robert W. Gray – Central Europe
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. THE PRINCIPALS
CHAPTER 2. CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT
CHAPTER 3. THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
CHAPTER 4. THE OTTOMAN AGE
CHAPTER 5. THE CENTURY OF REBUILDING
EPILOGUE. NOTES FOR A FURTHER STUDY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX: TABLE OF PLACE-NAMES IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN
INDEX
Publication date: 15 July 2013, 270pp. Black and white illustrations and diagrams
ISBN 978-1-874267-76-8 (HB) £65