Instructions for Authors

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

File Format. Submissions must be uploaded to our online system in Microsoft Word or Word-compatible format.
Word Limit. Unless otherwise agreed, submissions should aim to be around 8,000 and no more than 10,000 words in length, including references. Discussion articles (comments on published papers and author replies) should be no more than 4,000 words and book reviews no more than 1500 words. Manuscripts of excessive length will not be considered.

Page Layout.A4, Times New Roman, 12pt, double spaced. Include tables or figures at the end. Avoid excessive use of subheadings and text formatting for emphasis (underlining, bold, italics).

English. Manuscripts should be in English and be of an acceptable standard in that regard (if in doubt please have a native speaker read your manuscript prior to submission).
Anonymous Manuscript. To allow blind refereeing, please ensure that your manuscript is anonymous by removing your name and any self-identifying references.
Abstract. A summary of around 100–150 words, and a list of four or five ‘key words’ should be provided.

STYLE GUIDE

General

Spelling, punctuation and grammar should conform to British usage (-is not –iz; labour not labor).
Do not use the serial comma in lists: ‘red, white and blue’, not ‘red, white, and blue’.
Avoid use of Word styles.
Use double paragraph marks only to identify new sections or block quotations, not between normal paragraphs or references.
Make sure footnotes, if any, are 'live' with numbering 1, 2, 3... Footnote numbers should follow punctuation marks. Note that footnotes are required, not endnotes.

Headings

For identification purposes before layout:

First level: CAPS

Second level: italics (sentence case)

Third level: bold (sentence case)

Abbreviations/spellings

Omit points after lower-case contractions containing last letter of singular and after plurals, e.g. Dr, St, Mt, Ltd; ed./eds; c. (circa); encl./encls (enclosure/s).
No points for capitalised abbreviations (e.g. UK, USA). In references, use two letter abbreviations for US states – NY, etc.
Small caps for BC, AD and BP
et al., Ibid. (Roman)
World War One
the nineteenth century, mid-nineteenth century
the south-east, South-east Asia
Italicise foreign words on first appearance

Numbers

Use words for small numbers up to twenty, except for exact measurements, cross-references and series of quantities. Where numbers in the same paragraph fall below and above twenty, use figures for both, e.g. ‘between the ages of 15 and 21’, not ‘fifteen and 21’. Round numbers above ten may be expressed in words when they are not part of a series. Try to avoid starting a sentence a number; if it is necessary, always spell the first word out. Figures must be used before abbreviations: 5 kg, 6%.

In series of numbers, use abbreviations such as % and km. Otherwise, except in notes, do not use abbreviations.
0.301 cubic metres, 38 hectares, 28 degrees

44 per cent (44% in notes), fourteen degrees

£246, £1 10s, 5s 3d, A$256,300, US$10 million

1 December 1946 (in text), 1 Dec. 1946 (in notes)

1950s, the fifties

number and date ranges should be given with an en dash (–) rather than a hyphen: 1900–1945; pp. 14–24.

Use commas, not points, to break up large whole numbers – 91,000 ; 1,500,237 – and points, not commas to indicate decimals – 4.37 ; 25.4

Quotations

Use single quotation marks; double for quotes within quotes.
Punctuation should be placed outside the closing quotation mark except where the quotation marks contain a complete sentence or more, or, as with a question mark or exclamation mark, where they are integral to the quotation.
Inset longer quotations do not need quotation marks.
Put spaces either side of ellipses … but do not enclose in brackets. No ellipses at beginning or end of quotations.

Cross-references

In text: Map 1, Figure 25, Chapter 2, Appendix 1, Volume 1, Note 1
In notes: fig. 1, vol. 1, n. 1, etc.

Illustrations and Tables

Submit as individual files via the online submission system. Illustrations will be porinted in colour. Files should be high resolution TIFFs or JPEGs (at least 300 dpi at the scale of printing).

Authors are responsible for ensuring that, where relevant, permission has been granted to use illustrative material and that appropriate credits are given in figure captions. Authors should request the White Horse Press Image Licence form from Sarah (sarah@whpress.co.uk) if using any non-public domain images. Any costs associated with use of copyright material are to be paid by the author.
Indicate the positions of all illustrative material in the article: [insert … here]
Supply a caption for each figure, formatted as follows:

Figure 1. [title, originator]. Source: […] [full stop at end]

Tables and maps should be numbered separately; captions and sources should be given as for figures.

References

Provide bibliographic citations in footnotes, giving the full reference at first mention, short-title thereafter (e.g. Davis, Environmental History, p. 77). Make sure footnotes are linked in Word and numbered throughout the text. Note indicators follow punctuation marks.
Alternatively, you may provide a separate bibliography, using short-title references throughout the footnotes.
Sources should be styled as follows:

J. Martinez-Alier, G. Munda and J. O’Neill. ‘Weak comparability of values as a foundation for ecological economics’, Ecological Economics 26 (3) (1998): 277–286.

H. Rolston III, Philosophy Gone Wild, Second edition (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1989), pp. 189–201.

A. Holland, ‘Substitutability: Why strong sustainability is weak and absurdly strong sustainability is not absurd’, in J. Foster (ed.), Valuing Nature? Economics, Ethics and Environment(London: Routledge, 1997), pp. 119–134.

C.P. James, A study of subsistence agriculture in the lower Nile Delta, 1875–1930. (PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006).

C. Toulmin, ‘How Africa can solve its food crisis by growing more crops sustainably’, The Guardian, 18 April 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/apr/18/africa-food-crisis-growing-crops-sustainably(accessed 22 April 2020)

EPA, Who Cares About the Environment?(Sydney: Environmental Protection Authority, 2000). http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/community/whocares(accessed 16 Oct. 2002).

M. De Jong, ‘Seasonality, itinerancy and domestic fluidity: The case of the nomadic sheep-shearers of the Karoo’, paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for Anthropology in Southern Africa, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1992.

Mahaffy to Sec. of State, 21 Dec. 1908, Western Pacific High Commission BSIP Secretariat Series, National Archives of Solomon Islands (hereafter WHPC) 281/1.

Notes

Article, thesis and online report titles should be given in sentence case; capitalise every important word for book and journal titles.
Use pp. for page ranges in books only.
Do not abbreviate journal titles or publisher names.
Use unspaced initials separated by points (T.S. Eliot) for author first names.
Use (ed.) for a single editor, (eds) for plural.
Spell out acronyms (for example, see EPA 2000 above).
Entries in languages other than English should be entered with English transcription and/or translation following in brackets.

We prefer the short title system as described above, but the author–date system may be used for more scientific articles:

Bibliographic citations (author–date style) can appear in text or notes. These should include the author’s last name and the title or year of publication, and may include a page reference: (Aldred 2006: 142).
A separate list of references should be provided, in alphabetical order, listing ONLYtitles cited in the text.

The following style should be employed:

Aldred, J. 2006. ‘Incommensurability and monetary valuation’. Land Economics82(3): 141–161.

Martinez-Alier, J., G. Munda and J. O’Neill. 1998. ‘Weak comparability of values as a foundation for ecological economics’. Ecological Economics 26: 277–286.

Rolston III, H. 1989. Philosophy Gone Wild. Second edition. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.

Holland, A. 1997. ‘Substitutability: Why strong sustainability is weak and absurdly strong sustainability is not absurd’. In J. Foster (ed.), Valuing Nature? Economics, Ethics and Environment, pp. 119–134. London: Routledge.

James, C.P. 2006. ‘A study of subsistence agriculture in the lower Nile Delta, 1875–1930’. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.

Toulmin, C. 2013. ‘How Africa can solve its food crisis by growing more crops sustainably’.The Guardian, 18 April. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/apr/18/africa-food-crisis-growing-crops-sustainably(accessed 22 April 2020)

EPA 2000. Who Cares About the Environment?Sydney: Environmental Protection Authority. http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/community/whocares(accessed 16 October 2002).

De Jong, M. 1992. ‘Seasonality, itinerancy and domestic fluidity: The case of the nomadic sheep-shearers of the Karoo’. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for Anthropology in Southern Africa. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

Mahaffy, C. 1908. Letter to Sec. of State, 21 Dec. Western Pacific High Commission BSIP Secretariat Series, National Archives of Solomon Islands (hereafter WHPC) 281/1.

Notes

Article titles should be given in sentence case; capitalise every important word for book and journal titles.
Use pp. for page ranges in books only.
Second and subsequent authors' names should appear in the order J. Smith, not Smith, J.
Do not abbreviate journal titles or publisher names.
Use unspaced initials separated by points (Eliot, T.S.)for author first names.
Use (ed.) for a single editor, (eds) for plural.
Spell out acronyms (for example, see EPA 2000 above).
Entries in languages other than English should be entered with English transcription and/or translation following in brackets.

Abstract and Author Biography

A circa 100-150-word abstract should be given at the beginning, followed by around 5 keywords.

Following acceptance, short (100 words) author biographies should be included at the end of each article, together with email address(es).

Acknowledgements

Should be given as a separate paragraph at the end under the capitalised heading ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

Nomenclature

Authors and editors are, by general agreement, required to accept the rules governing biological nomenclature, as laid down in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteriaand the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
All biotica (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals, etc.) should be identified by their scientific names when the English term is first used, with the exception of common domestic animals.
All biocides and other organic compounds must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in the text. Active ingredients of all formulations should be likewise identified.
For chemical nomenclature, the conventions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the official recommendations of the IUPAC IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature should be followed.

Copyright

Articles must be original and must not have been published elsewhere, in part or in full.
Authors, when quoting from someone else's work or when considering reproducing an illustration or table from a book or journal article, should make sure that they are not infringing a copyright.
Although in general authors may quote from other published works, they should obtain permission from the holder of the copyright if they wish to quote substantial extracts or reproduce tables, plates or other illustrations. If the copyright-holder is not the author of the quoted or reproduced material, it is recommended that the permission of the author also be sought.
Material in unpublished letters and manuscripts is also protected and must not be published unless permission has been obtained.
A suitable acknowledgment of any borrowed material must always be made.
Articles may not be reproduced, whether in part or in full, without a written authorisation from the publishers. See the White Horse Press website for further information: http://www.whpress.co.uk/copyright.html
On publication, contributors will be sent a a pdf file of their article, from which they are free to print as many further copies as they require for personal use; they may not post this online.

For further guidance, see the Chicago Manual of Style.